Publications

The Weather Modification Association publishes the Journal of Weather Modification.   

In addition, the scientific basis for weather modification is explained in the Association's Weather Modification Facts brochure. 

View Statements from the Association

Finally, members have provided for our repository publications they feel pertinent to the subject of Weather Modification. View Publications Repository.

Other Documents are available:

The Weather Modification Association's Response to The National Research Council's Report Titled, "CRITICAL ISSUES IN WEATHER MODIFICATION RESEARCH" has been completed.

To read the March 18, 2004 Press Release, the Response's Executive Summary, or to download the entire WMA response, click here.  The WMA Review Panel was comprised of: Dr. Harold D. Orville (Chair), Bruce A. Boe, George W. Bomar, Dr. William R. Cotton, Byron L. Marler, and Dr. Joseph A. Warburton.  

HAIL SUPPRESSION STANDARD AVAILABLE

The WMA is pleased to announce that ASCE-EWRI Standard 39-03, Standard Practice for the Design and Operation of Hail Suppression Programs, is now available from ASCE publications at https://www.asce.org/bookstore/book.cfm?book=2692.  This standard provides useful information for implementing operational hail suppression activities, and provides information on the successful design, conduct, and evaluation of such efforts. Because the effects for seeding clouds for hail suppression on a stormýýýs rainfall are not fully understood, a number of hail suppression concepts have been formulated. The five concepts most commonly employed in the context of operational hail suppression projects are included in this book: Beneficial Competition, Early Rainout, Trajectory Lowering, Promotion of Coalescence, and Dynamic Effects. The Standard provides the best scientific and technical knowledge currently available on hail suppression to ascribe a process through which hail suppression should be designed, organized, and conducted to optimize the likelihood of success.

PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT STANDARD AVAILABLE

ASCE-EWRI Standard 42-04, Standard Practice for the Design and Operation of Precipitation Enhancement Projects. It may be purchased from ASCE publications at https://www.asce.org/bookstore/book.cfm?book=4402. The standard provides state-of-the-art cloud seeding technology applications for precipitation enhancement projects. By utilizing a variety of meteorological and hydrological observations, water resources engineers can evaluate the effectiveness of improving precipitation methods. Subjects discussed in this publication include the history and status of cloud seeding and the concepts, designs, operations, and evaluation of these projects. Natural cloud processes, with an emphasis on artificial intervention through cloud seeding, are discussed. These processes can potentially increase the chances of precipitation reaching the ground. Operational requirements and procedures such as personnel, decision-making, communications, safety issues and seeding suspension criteria are included. Topics include: Definition of project scope; Targeting and delivery methods; Seeding agent selection and equipment considerations; Data collection and instrumentation; Legal issues and environmental concerns; and Evaluation of effects of cloud seeding.

PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT GUIDELINES AVAILABLE

This manual of professional practice, Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation (ASCE Manual No. 81), is the outgrowth of a committee report by the same title published by the ASCE Weather Modification Committee in the March 1983 issue of Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. A task committee of the ASCE Climate and Weather Change Committee has expanded and updated this report to provide water resources managers and others who might become involved in the decision-making process for implementing a cloud seeding project with the necessary guidelines. The sections of this manual cover essentials of weather modification including the social, legal, environmental, and economic aspects as well as the scientific basis. Further, the manager is guided through the professional practice for operational cloud seeding, from materials and devices necessary to produce ice crystal-forming nuclei to the methods for distributing the artificially produced nuclei through cloud masses. In addition, methods of instrumentation that are used to provide input to real-time decisions and evaluate results are discussed. Finally, this manual outlines the steps that must be taken to implement a cloud seeding project. A glossary of terms is appended.  To order or learn more, check out: https://www.asce.org/bookstore/book.cfm?book=5922

SUPERCOOLED FOG DISPERSAL STANDARD AVAILABLE

Standard Practice for the Design and Operation of Supercooled Fog Dispersal Projects, ASCE/EWRI 44-05, is available at https://www.asce.org/bookstore/book.cfm?book=5061. This standard presents the standard practice for conducting supercooled fog dispersal operational programs. Extended periods of fog can have large economic impacts on aviation, tourism, transportation, and mining industries; as well as a negative effect on agriculture. These problems can be reduced through the use of state-of-the-art supercooled fog dispersal technologies. This document describes the process through which such operations should be designed and conducted. It also provides the reader with information on the planning, conduct, and evaluation of such efforts. Topics include: history and status of supercooled fog dispersal technology; fog characteristics; project design and seeding agent delivery methods; operations manual; and evaluation of projects.